Python Implementation and Mathematical Background of Fourier Transform

The python implementation, mathematical background, and noise removal using Fourier Transform are explored in this VIDEO..

https://youtu.be/-u8cUh8tlXY

Basics of Fourier Transform

Fourier Transform is a mathematical tool that is widely used in Signal processing applications.

Fourier Transform is explained in this VIDEO in just SIX minutes.

https://youtu.be/Og6JDPxQBFM

Energy levels and radiations-Animation

Electrons in a hydrogen atom must be in one of the allowed energy levels. If an electron is in the first energy level, it must have exactly -13.6 eV of energy. If it is in the second energy level, it must have -3.4 eV of energy. An electron in a hydrogen atom cannot have -9 eV, -8 eV or any other value in between.

Let's say the electron wants to jump from the first energy level, n = 1, to the second energy level n = 2. The second energy level has higher energy than the first, so to move from n = 1 to n = 2, the electron needs to gain energy. It needs to gain (-3.4) - (-13.6) = 10.2 eV of energy to make it up to the second energy level.

The electron can gain the energy it needs by absorbing light. If the electron jumps from the second energy level down to the first energy level, it must give off some energy by emitting light. The atom absorbs or emits light in discrete packets called photons, and each photon has a definite energy. Only a photon with an energy of exactly 10.2 eV can be absorbed or emitted when the electron jumps between the n = 1 and n = 2 energy levels.
The energy that a photon carries depends on its wavelength. Since the photons absorbed or emitted by electrons jumping between the n = 1 and n = 2 energy levels must have exactly 10.2 eV of energy, the light absorbed or emitted must have a definite wavelength. This wavelength can be found from the equation
E = hc/l,
where E is the energy of the photon (in eV), h is Planck's constant (4.14 x 10^-15 eV s) and c is the speed of light (3 x 10⁸ m/s). Rearranging this equation to find the wavelength gives
l = hc/E.
A photon with an energy of 10.2 eV has a wavelength of 1.21 x 10^-7 m, in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. So when an electron wants to jump from n = 1 to n = 2, it must absorb a photon of ultraviolet light. When an electron drops from n = 2 to n = 1, it emits a photon of ultraviolet light.
The step from the second energy level to the third is much smaller. It takes only 1.89 eV of energy for this jump. It takes even less energy to jump from the third energy level to the fourth, and even less from the fourth to the fifth.
What would happen if the electron gained enough energy to make it all the way to 0eV? The electron would then be free of the hydrogen atom. The atom would be missing an electron, and would become a hydrogen ion.




Click below to view the animation
Energy level animation


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Basics of Physics

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Animation on centripetal acceleration

PROJECTILE MOTION

Animation on projectile motion

PROJECTILE RANGE

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NEWTON'S CANNON METHOD

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KEPLER'S LAW

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DOPPLER EFFECT

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SHOCK WAVES

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