ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy (or according to frequency or wavelength).

The Spectrum of Visible Light

The visible part of the spectrum may be further subdivided according to color, with red at the long wavelength end and violet at the short wavelength end, as illustrated (schematically) in the following figure.

Rectangular Waveguide -Animation

What is Rectangular Waveguide?

 Rectangular waveguides are the one of the earliest type of the transmission lines. They are used in many applications. A lot of components such as isolators, detectors, attenuators, couplers and slotted lines are available for various standard waveguide bands between 1 GHz to above 220 GHz.

A rectangular waveguide supports TM and TE modes but not TEM waves because we cannot define a unique voltage since there is only one conductor in a rectangular waveguide.

The shape of a rectangular waveguide is as shown below. A material with permittivity e and permeability m fills the inside of the conductor.

A rectangular waveguide cannot propagate below some certain frequency. This frequency is called the cut-off frequency.

Modes of operation: 

Transverse Electric Mode

Transverse Magnetic Mode

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An Intro to Waveguides-Animation

What is Waveguide?

A waveguide is a structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguides for each type of wave. The original and most common meaning is a hollow conductive metal pipe used to carry high frequency radio waves, particularly microwaves.

 Modes of Operation: 

When an electromagnetic wave propagates down a hollow tube, only one of the fields -- either electric or magnetic -- will actually be transverse to the wave's direction of travel. The other field will “loop” longitudinally to the direction of travel, but still be perpendicular to the other field. Whichever field remains transverse to the direction of travel determines whether the wave propagates in TE mode (Transverse Electric) or TM (Transverse Magnetic) mode.

Hardwork Can Never Ever Fails...
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