Fourier Transform is a mathematical tool that is widely used in Signal processing applications.
Fourier Transform is explained in this VIDEO in just SIX minutes.
Showing posts with label Basic Science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Basic Science. Show all posts
Monday, May 10, 2021
Thursday, July 16, 2015
Thursday, December 13, 2012
Properties of Silicon
Silicon
Atomic Number: 14
Symbol: Si
Atomic Weight: 28.0855
Discovery: Jons Jacob Berzelius 1824 (Sweden)
The melting point of silicon is 1410°C, boiling point is 2355°C, specific gravity is 2.33 (25°C), with a valence of 4.
Crystalline silicon has a metallic grayish color. Silicon is relatively inert, Silicon transmits over 95% of all infrared wavelengths (1.3-6.7 mm). Silicon doped with gallium, arsenic, boron, etc. is used to produce transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other important solid-state electronic devices.
Silicon's range from liquids to hard solids and have many useful properties, including use as adhesives, sealants, and insulators. Sand and clay are used to make building materials.
Silica is used to make glass, which has many useful mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties.
It commonly occurs as the oxide and silicates, including sand, quartz, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, opal, and citrine. Silicate minerals include granite, hornblende, feldspar, mica, clay, and asbestos.
Silicon may be prepared by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Amorphous silicon may be prepared as a brown powder, which can then be melted or vaporized.
The Czochralski process is used to produce single crystals of silicon for solid-state and semiconductor devices.
Hyperpure silicon may be prepared by a vacuum float zone process and by thermal decompositions of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
Atomic Number: 14
Symbol: Si
Atomic Weight: 28.0855
Discovery: Jons Jacob Berzelius 1824 (Sweden)
The melting point of silicon is 1410°C, boiling point is 2355°C, specific gravity is 2.33 (25°C), with a valence of 4.
Crystalline silicon has a metallic grayish color. Silicon is relatively inert, Silicon transmits over 95% of all infrared wavelengths (1.3-6.7 mm). Silicon doped with gallium, arsenic, boron, etc. is used to produce transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other important solid-state electronic devices.
Silicon's range from liquids to hard solids and have many useful properties, including use as adhesives, sealants, and insulators. Sand and clay are used to make building materials.
Silica is used to make glass, which has many useful mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties.
It commonly occurs as the oxide and silicates, including sand, quartz, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, opal, and citrine. Silicate minerals include granite, hornblende, feldspar, mica, clay, and asbestos.
Silicon may be prepared by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Amorphous silicon may be prepared as a brown powder, which can then be melted or vaporized.
The Czochralski process is used to produce single crystals of silicon for solid-state and semiconductor devices.
Hyperpure silicon may be prepared by a vacuum float zone process and by thermal decompositions of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
- Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the universe.
- Silicon crystals for electronics must have a purity of one billion atoms for every non-silicon atom (99.9999999% pure).
- The most common form of silicon in the Earth's crust is silicon dioxide in the form of sand or quartz.
- Silicon, like water, expands as it changes from liquid to solid.
- Silicon oxide crystals in the form of quartz are piezoelectric. The resonance frequency of quartz is used in many precision timepieces.
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| SILICON ATOM STRUCTURE |
Tuesday, November 20, 2012
ULTRA SOUND
Ultra Sound:
Ultrasound is a cyclic sound pressure wave with a frequency greater than the upper limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasound is thus not separated from audible sound based on differences in physical properties only the fact that humans cannot hear it.
Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasonic imaging is used in human and veterinary medicine. In non-destructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. For Industries, ultrasound is used for cleaning and for mixing, and to accelerate chemical processes.
Ultrasonics is the application of ultrasound. Ultrasound can be used for imaging, detection, measurement, and cleaning. At higher power levels ultrasonics are useful for changing the chemical properties of substances.
Figure. Ranges of Ultra sound
A common use of ultrasound is in range finding; this use is also called SONAR, (sound navigation and ranging). An ultrasonic pulse is generated in a particular direction. If there is an object in the path of this pulse, part or all of the pulse will be reflected back to the transmitter as an echo and can be detected through the receiver path. By measuring the difference in time between the pulse being transmitted and the echo being received, it is possible to determine the distance.
Principle of Active SONAR
Here is the animation for the Ultrasound....
Animation of ultra sound
Ultrasound is a cyclic sound pressure wave with a frequency greater than the upper limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasound is thus not separated from audible sound based on differences in physical properties only the fact that humans cannot hear it.
Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasonic imaging is used in human and veterinary medicine. In non-destructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. For Industries, ultrasound is used for cleaning and for mixing, and to accelerate chemical processes.
Ultrasonics is the application of ultrasound. Ultrasound can be used for imaging, detection, measurement, and cleaning. At higher power levels ultrasonics are useful for changing the chemical properties of substances.
Figure. Ranges of Ultra sound
A common use of ultrasound is in range finding; this use is also called SONAR, (sound navigation and ranging). An ultrasonic pulse is generated in a particular direction. If there is an object in the path of this pulse, part or all of the pulse will be reflected back to the transmitter as an echo and can be detected through the receiver path. By measuring the difference in time between the pulse being transmitted and the echo being received, it is possible to determine the distance.
Principle of Active SONAR
Here is the animation for the Ultrasound....
Animation of ultra sound
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